Source Region of Yangtze River Basin

The Source Region of Yangtze River (SRYR) is a typical alpine region in the western Tibetan plateau, situated at 4000m above mean sea level. It is referred to as an important ecological security shelter zone in Tree-River Headwaters region. However, The SRYR’s ecosystems and natural environment are inherently fragile and vulnerable to global warming.

Hohai University and the Military-Civilian Integration Geological Survey Center of the China Geological Survey jointly built a multi-dimensional observation system of glacier-permafrost-vegetation change-runoff response in the Tuotuo River Basin in the source area of the Yangtze River. Monitor the water and heat exchange process of glacier meltwater, soil water, groundwater and permafrost melting, in order to ascertain the hydraulic connection mode, water flow response and migration path of multiple water sources in the basin under the background of glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, and water resources in the basin The component evolution process provides the basis for observation.

Among them, the glacier observation system is mainly composed of laser terrain scanning system (VZ6000 laser scanner), digital photography and unmanned aerial vehicles. , activities, temperature, reserves and other elements are monitored

The permafrost observation system is mainly composed of temperature chain, frozen soil automatic observation system and other equipment. Automatic observation

The regional soil moisture observation system detects the intensity of fast neutrons or slow neutrons in a specific energy range near the surface through the neutron detector, and calculates the average soil moisture content of a large area (radius of 300 meters) by correcting the relationship ( any form of water)

The runoff monitoring system uses the side-scan radar flow measurement system to automatically monitor the flow of the Tuotuo River in real time. It uses non-contact flow measurement technology to continuously monitor the surface flow velocity of the river around the clock, and completes a fully automatic run every 10 minutes (can be set according to requirements). For measurement, a section flow velocity is given every 10 meters along the section line (depending on the working distance, the minimum is 5 meters, and the maximum is 40 meters).

Data information such as flow rate ratio is used to synthesize network traffic. In addition, it is planned to conduct geophysical monitoring such as ground penetrating radar and high-density electrical instrument every year.